Faraday's laws of of electromagnetic induction explains the relationship between electric circuit and magnetic field. This law is the basic working principle of the most of the electrical motors, generators, transformers, inductors etc.
Magnetic field can be varied by various methods -
1. By moving magnet
2. By moving the coil
3. By rotating the coil relative to magnetic field
flux linkage with the coil at initial position of the conductor = NΦ1 (Wb) (N is speed of the motor and Φ is flux)
flux linkage with the coil at final position of the conductor = NΦ2 (Wb)
change in the flux linkage from initial to final = N(Φ1 - Φ2)
let Φ1 - Φ2 = Φ
therefore, change in the flux linkage = NΦ
and, rate of change in the flux linkage = NΦ/t
taking the derivative of RHS
rate of change of flux linkages = N (dΦ/dt)
According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, rate of change of flux linkages is equal to the induced emf
So, E = N (dΦ/dt) (volts)
E = -N (dΦ/dt) (volts)
Faraday's first law:
Whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic field an EMF gets induced across the conductor (called as induced emf), and if the conductor is a closed circuit then induced current flows through it.Magnetic field can be varied by various methods -
1. By moving magnet
2. By moving the coil
3. By rotating the coil relative to magnetic field
Faraday's second law:
Faraday's second law of electromagnetic induction states that, the magnitude of induced emf is equal to the rate of change of flux linkages with the coil. The flux linkages is the product of number of turns and the flux associated with the coil.Formula of Faraday's law:
Consider the conductor is moving in magnetic field, thenflux linkage with the coil at initial position of the conductor = NΦ1 (Wb) (N is speed of the motor and Φ is flux)
flux linkage with the coil at final position of the conductor = NΦ2 (Wb)
change in the flux linkage from initial to final = N(Φ1 - Φ2)
let Φ1 - Φ2 = Φ
therefore, change in the flux linkage = NΦ
and, rate of change in the flux linkage = NΦ/t
taking the derivative of RHS
rate of change of flux linkages = N (dΦ/dt)
According to Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction, rate of change of flux linkages is equal to the induced emf
So, E = N (dΦ/dt) (volts)
Phenomenon of Mutual Induction
Alternating current flowing in a coil produces alternating magnetic field around it. When two or more coils are magnetically linked to each other, then an alternating current flowing through one coil causes an induced emf across the other linked coils. This phenomenon is called as mutual induction.
Lenz's law
Lenz's law of electromagnetic induction states that, when an emf is induced according to Faraday's law, the polarity (direction) of that induced emf is such that it opposes the cause of its production.
Thus, considering Lenz's law
E = -N (dΦ/dt) (volts)
The negative sign shows that, the direction of the induced emf and the direction of change in magnetic fields have opposite signs.
